Structure and function

探照燈由光源和反射器構(gòu)成，在其前段一般還包含一個或多個光學(xué)透鏡。光線先通過反射器（曲面鏡或球面鏡）聚集成束，再利用光學(xué)透鏡位置和組合的不同來進(jìn)行控制，{zh1}投射出去。

A searchlight consists of a light source and a reflector, and in its front section it usually contains one or more optical lenses. Light rays are gathered into a beam through a reflector (curved or spherical mirror), then controlled by different positions and combinations of optical lenses, and finally projected.

探照燈主要應(yīng)用在車輛、電影拍攝、影劇院以及建筑物或展覽的燈光照明方面。

Searchlights are mainly used for lighting vehicles, film shooting, theatres and buildings or exhibitions.

探照燈searchlight

Searchlight

借助反射 鏡或 透鏡使出射光束 集中在很小 的立體角內(nèi)，從而獲得較大光強(qiáng)的燈具。國際照明委員會規(guī)定，探照燈是出射光束的半峰片角（在通過{zd0}光強(qiáng)的一個平面上 ，{zd0}光強(qiáng)與50％{zd0}光強(qiáng)之間的夾角 ）小于2°的投光燈 。約在1870年，世界上就出現(xiàn)了以碳弧燈為光源的探照燈。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中，探照燈主要用在夜間為高射炮搜尋攻擊目標(biāo) 。現(xiàn)代探照燈主要用于船舶航行（如船用探照燈）和信號標(biāo)志。探照燈一般以鹵鎢燈為光源，也有以超高壓汞燈、金屬鹵化物燈和超高壓的氙燈為光源的。

With the help of a mirror or lens, the emitted light beam is concentrated in a very small solid angle, so that a lamp with a larger light intensity can be obtained. The International Lighting Commission (ILC) stipulates that the searchlight is a projector with a half-peak angle of the beam (the angle between the maximum intensity and the 50% maximum intensity in a plane passing through the maximum intensity) less than 2 degrees. Around 1870, searchlights with carbon arc lamp as light source appeared in the world. In World War II, searchlights were mainly used at night to search for targets for anti-aircraft guns. Modern searchlights are mainly used for ship navigation (such as marine searchlights) and signal signs. Search lamps generally use halogen tungsten lamp as light source, but also ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, metal halide lamp and ultra-high pressure xenon lamp as light source.

種類

type

普通型探照燈 – 一個簡單的盒子中裝有光源(經(jīng)常是鹵素棒)以及反射器(經(jīng)常是球面鏡)。

Ordinary searchlights - A simple box with light sources (often halogen bars) and reflectors (often spherical mirrors).

鏡面型探照燈 – 置于曲面鏡前的光源與透鏡之間的距離可調(diào)節(jié)。

Mirror Searchlight - The distance between the light source placed in front of a curved mirror and the lens is adjustable.

透鏡型探照燈 – 光源置于球面鏡前，光源前放置透鏡(內(nèi)平外凸)，所以又稱凸透鏡型探照燈(英文縮寫為 PC)。 大型版本的此類探照燈由于凸透鏡的厚度過大，會導(dǎo)致玻璃破碎。因此人們利用直徑階段性縮小的透鏡來解決這個問題。此類探照燈則稱為 Stufenlinsenscheinwerfer或者按照發(fā)明者Augustin Jean Fresnel)的名字稱為 Fresnellinsenscheinwerfer。透鏡型探照燈可以通過調(diào)節(jié)光源和透鏡之間的距離來調(diào)節(jié)光線的射出角度。

Lens Search Lamp - The light source is placed in front of the spherical mirror, and the lens is placed in front of the light source (inside flat and outside convex), so it is also called convex lens Search Lamp (PC). Large versions of such searchlights can cause glass breakage due to the thickness of convex lenses. Therefore, the problem can be solved by using a lens with periodically reduced diameter. Such searchlights are called Stufenlinsenscheinwerfer or Fresnellinscheinwerfer by the name of inventor Augustin Jean Fresnel. The lenticular searchlight can adjust the angle of light emission by adjusting the distance between the light source and the lens.