近幾年，在商業(yè)單證方面的使領(lǐng)館認(rèn)證作為許多國(guó)家的非關(guān)稅壁壘手段之一正悄然興起。使領(lǐng)館認(rèn)證是指一國(guó)外交機(jī)構(gòu)及其授權(quán)機(jī)構(gòu)在涉外文書(shū)上確認(rèn)其該國(guó)公證機(jī)關(guān)或某些特殊機(jī)關(guān)的印章或該機(jī)關(guān)主管人員的簽字屬實(shí);它是一個(gè)國(guó)家駐另一個(gè)國(guó)家的大使館或領(lǐng)事館，根據(jù)該國(guó)出入境法律、法規(guī)的有關(guān)規(guī)定，對(duì)進(jìn)入該國(guó)的人或貨物的有關(guān)證明文件所進(jìn)行的核實(shí)，已確認(rèn)這些文件上的{zh1}一個(gè)簽字或印章屬實(shí)，并簽字蓋章的過(guò)程。經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn)證的整數(shù)據(jù)由于外法律效力，可為文件使用過(guò)有關(guān)當(dāng)局所承認(rèn)。使領(lǐng)館認(rèn)證包括民事認(rèn)證和商業(yè)認(rèn)證。由于使領(lǐng)館認(rèn)證在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中所涉及的全部為商品認(rèn)證，以下我們重點(diǎn)介紹的是使領(lǐng)館商業(yè)認(rèn)證。

In recent years, the certification of embassies and consulates in commercial documents as one of the non-tariff barriers in many countries is quietly rising.Accreditation of embassies and consulates means that a country's diplomatic agencies and their authorized agencies confirm the seals of the notary organs or some special organs of the country or the signature of the competent personnel of the organs on the foreign-related documents.It is a process in which a country's embassy or consulate in another country, according to the relevant provisions of the country's entry and exit laws and regulations, verifies the relevant certification documents of the people or goods entering the country, confirms that the last signature or seal on these documents is true, and signs and seals the documents.Certified whole data may be recognized by the authorities concerned as having been used in the document due to its extra-legal effect.Embassy and consulate certification includes civil certification and commercial certification.Since the certification of embassies and consulates in the international trade is all about commodity certification, the following we focus on the commercial certification of embassies and consulates.

國(guó)際貿(mào)易中除了關(guān)稅以外的所有限制外國(guó)商品進(jìn)口的認(rèn)為措施均稱為非關(guān)稅壁壘，包括對(duì)進(jìn)口商品在產(chǎn)地、價(jià)格、擔(dān)保、質(zhì)量和技術(shù)規(guī)格、衛(wèi)生及安全等方面都有嚴(yán)格的限制。而使領(lǐng)館認(rèn)證恰恰可以對(duì)出口商品的產(chǎn)地、價(jià)格、質(zhì)量等方面進(jìn)行限制，實(shí)際上就是進(jìn)口國(guó)對(duì)別國(guó)出口商品設(shè)置的非關(guān)稅貿(mào)易壁壘。

In international trade, all measures that restrict the import of foreign commodities except tariff are considered as non-tariff barriers, including strict restrictions on the origin, price, guarantee, quality and technical specifications, health and safety of imported commodities.However, the certification by embassies and consulates can restrict the origin, price, quality and other aspects of export commodities. In fact, it is the non-tariff trade barriers set by importing countries to other countries' export commodities.

與出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)有關(guān)的使領(lǐng)館認(rèn)證主要由各級(jí)出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)出具的商品檢驗(yàn)。動(dòng)植物出口檢疫證書(shū)和原產(chǎn)地證書(shū)等，主要包括一般原產(chǎn)地證書(shū)、加工裝配證明書(shū)、轉(zhuǎn)口證明書(shū)、商品檢驗(yàn)證書(shū)、動(dòng)植物檢疫證書(shū)、出口機(jī)電產(chǎn)品許可證等。目前使用最多的是一般原產(chǎn)地證數(shù)的使領(lǐng)館認(rèn)證。

The accreditation of embassies and consulates related to entry-exit inspection and quarantine institutions is mainly conducted by the inspection and quarantine institutions at all levels.Animal and plant export quarantine certificate and certificate of origin, mainly including general certificate of origin, processing and assembly certificate, transit certificate, commodity inspection certificate, animal and plant quarantine certificate, export mechanical and electrical products license.At present, the most commonly used is the certificate of origin of the general number of embassy and consulate certification.